Bài Học IELTS Reading: Memory and Age - Trí Đức English TRÍ ĐỨC ENGLISH CENTER IELTS Reading Practice – Academic Test 2: Memory and Age 📚 LÝ THUYẾT & TỪ VỰNG TRỌNG TÂM (KEY VOCABULARY & STRATEGIES) Để làm tốt bài đọc này, hãy chú ý các khái niệm cốt lõi và từ vựng chìa khóa dưới đây: Inevitable (adj): Không thể tránh khỏi Deterioration (n): Sự suy giảm, hư hỏng Outperform (v): Thể hiện tốt hơn Supplant (v): Thay thế Dexterity (n): Sự khéo léo Compensate for (v): Bù đắp cho Enriched (adj): Phong phú, giàu có hơn Semantic memory (n): Trí nhớ ngữ nghĩa Ingrained (adj): Khắc sâu, in sâu Longevity (n): Tuổi thọ, sự lâu bền Acumen (n): Sự nhạy bén, sắc bén Accrued (adj): Tích lũy dồn lại READING PASSAGE 1 Memory and Age [A] Ageing is an inevitable component of the maturation process in all living organisms. Arnold B. Scheibel, M.D., a professor at the University of California at Los Angeles, notes that we now have evidence that the brain’s deterioration is parallel to that of the ageing body. Studies performed with chimpanzees, monkeys, and other lower species have shown that the younger of the species consistently outperform their older counterparts in memory tests. In humans, scientists have concluded that memory and other mental functions deteriorate over time due to organic changes in the brain. This appears inevitable after young adulthood. [B] Stanley Rapoport, Ph.D. at the National Institutes of Health, conducted a study using imaging techniques to monitor brain activity in old people and young people. Participants were assigned with the task of matching photos of faces. With the knowledge that blood flow shows neuronal activity, Rapoport was able to discern which neuronal networks were used by the different subjects in matching the face photos. “Even when the reaction times of older and younger subjects were the same, the neural networks they used were significantly different. The older subjects were using different internal strategies to accomplish the same result in the same amount of time,” notes Rapoport, meaning that either the task required more effort on the part of the older participants or the neurons originally involved in the task were supplanted by other neurons, thus creating different networks. [C] The mind’s ability to adjust to deteriorating function is evidenced in a typing study conducted by Timothy Salthouse, Ph.D. a psychologist at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Salthouse took a group of college-age typists and pitted them against a group of typists in their 60s. Salthouse expected the younger typists to be faster, because he knew their reaction was faster and that the fingers of older people would be less nimble than those of the younger typists. Surprisingly however, both groups were able to type at a similar speed. It seems that the less nimble older counterparts were able to compensate for lack of dexterity by making fewer finger movements, saving typing time, and by reading ahead in the text. [D] The effects of st...